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Objective To study the electric shock protection requirements of in vitro diagnostic equipment and to help manufacturers understand the relevant requirements in order to design products reasonably. Methods The requirements of IEC 61010-1:2010 were analyzed, the electric shock protection measures were explored, and the principles for protecting ground impedance against electric shock were described. An example was taken to study the electric shock protection measures for the sampling needle of the automatic bio-chemical analyzer, so that the existence of electric shock hazard could be determined. Results The sampling needle proved its rationality in structure design by avoiding the risk for being electriferous in case of failed basic insulation, although the requirements for protective earthing, double insulation or reinforced insulation were not met efficiently. Conclusion The requirements for electric shock protection can be determined based on comprehensive understanding of the standard, determination of electriferous components of the equipment as well as analysis on electric shock protection measures.
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Objective To design a method for rapid detection of fecal occult blood, calcium and cancer embryo antigen based on the immunochromatography of nanoparticles. Methods Used nano carbon lateral flow immune chromatography technology which applicated in trace detection of drug development,choose human hemoglobin,calcium,protein,carcinoembryonic antigen suitable double antibody. 1 resistance of three test taged by colloidal carbon probe cured in carbon mat, and the corresponding test pairs of another plant 2 fixed on nitrocellulose membrane resistance test region(Line T), quality control line(Line C) which composed of sheep anti-mouse IgG antibody,glue water cushion,nitrocellulose membrane,colloidal carbon release pad and sample pad, drying cutting made test card.Choose 100 cases of endoscopic check negatie and 100 cases of colorectal cancer patients with intestinal preparation before stool specimens, dropped the dissolved the centrifugal supernatant in normal saline into the strip and put the special card slot, applied independent research of real-time quantitative detector checked the content of fecal occult blood, the calcium content of protein, carcinoembryonic antigen respectively. Results The application of nano carbon lateral flow immune chromatography test card for fecal occult blood calcium, protein, carcinoembryonic antigen was conveniented.Real-time quantitative detector check readable data range of 0-7000, the sensitivity data of 0.2 ng/mL. The positive rate of endoscopic check negatie and colorectal cancer patients with fecal occult blood were 1.91% and 77.01% respectively,the average content of calprotectin were (26.81±5.96) μg/g and (589.00±42.29) μg/g. Average content of carcinoembryonic antigen were (1.21±0.45) μg/g and (234.32±11.24) μg/g respectively. Conclusion The rapid detection method of nanometer carbon particle immunochromatography was reliable, and fecal occult blood, calcium protamine and cancer embryo antigen jiont test was value for colorectal cancer screening.
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Objective To design a method for rapid detection of fecal occult blood, calcium and cancer embryo antigen based on the immunochromatography of nanoparticles. Methods Used nano carbon lateral flow immune chromatography technology which applicated in trace detection of drug development,choose human hemoglobin,calcium,protein,carcinoembryonic antigen suitable double antibody. 1 resistance of three test taged by colloidal carbon probe cured in carbon mat, and the corresponding test pairs of another plant 2 fixed on nitrocellulose membrane resistance test region(Line T), quality control line(Line C) which composed of sheep anti-mouse IgG antibody,glue water cushion,nitrocellulose membrane,colloidal carbon release pad and sample pad, drying cutting made test card.Choose 100 cases of endoscopic check negatie and 100 cases of colorectal cancer patients with intestinal preparation before stool specimens, dropped the dissolved the centrifugal supernatant in normal saline into the strip and put the special card slot, applied independent research of real-time quantitative detector checked the content of fecal occult blood, the calcium content of protein, carcinoembryonic antigen respectively. Results The application of nano carbon lateral flow immune chromatography test card for fecal occult blood calcium, protein, carcinoembryonic antigen was conveniented.Real-time quantitative detector check readable data range of 0-7000, the sensitivity data of 0.2 ng/mL. The positive rate of endoscopic check negatie and colorectal cancer patients with fecal occult blood were 1.91% and 77.01% respectively,the average content of calprotectin were (26.81±5.96) μg/g and (589.00±42.29) μg/g. Average content of carcinoembryonic antigen were (1.21±0.45) μg/g and (234.32±11.24) μg/g respectively. Conclusion The rapid detection method of nanometer carbon particle immunochromatography was reliable, and fecal occult blood, calcium protamine and cancer embryo antigen jiont test was value for colorectal cancer screening.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of acupuncture on neurofunction and neuropsychological factors of chronic alcoholic peripheral neuropathy (CAPN) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 120 CAPN patients were assigned to the common treatment group, acupuncture group A, and acupuncture group B according to random digit table, 40 in each group. All patients recieved conventional drug therapy. Besides, patients in the acupuncture group A were additionally needled at Pishu (BL20), Weishu (BL21), Xuehai (SP10), Yinlingquan (SP9), Zusanli (ST36), Yanglingquan (GB34), Jiexi (ST41), Xuanzhong (GB39), Xiangu (ST43),Taixi (KI3), Quchi (LI11), Waiguan (SJ5), Hegu (LI4), and so on. On these bases patients in the acupuncture group B were needled at Sishencong (EX-HN1), Yintang (EX-HN3), Neiguan (PC6), Taichong (LR3), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Taiyang (EX-HN5). Acupuncture was performed once a day, 14 times as a course; and then once on every other day, 14 times in total for 4 weeks. All treatment lasted for 8 successive weeks. Neuropathy Impairment Score in the Lower Limbs (NIS-LL), Neurological Severity Score (NSS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were assessed, motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) were detected before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 8 weeks of treatment the scores of NIS-LL and NSS significantly decreased in the 3 groups, with statistical difference as compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). Scores of NIS-LL and NSS decreased more in acupuncture groups A and B than in the common treatment group (P < 0.05), and more obvious in acupuncture group B (P < 0.05). Compared with the same group before treatment, MCV and SCV of median nerve, ulnar nerve, common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve increased in acupuncture treatment group A and B after 8-week treatment (P < 0.05). MCV of median nerve, MCV and SCV of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve significantly increased in the common treatment group (P < 0.05). Compared with the common treatment group, SCV of median nerve, MCV and SCV of ulnar nerve, common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve obviously increased in acupuncture treatment groups A and B after treatment (P < 0.05). MCV of ulnar nerve, MCV and SCV of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve obviously increased more in acupuncture treatment group A than in acupuncture treatment group B (P < 0.05). At week 8 after treatment scores of HAMD and HAMA were obviously lowered in acupuncture groups A and B, with statistical difference as compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). The scores of HAMD were also decreased in the common treatment group, as compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). At week 8 after treatment scores of HAMD and HAMA were obviously lowered more in acupuncture treatment group B than in acupuncture treatment group A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture therapy could effectively improve the neurofunction of CAPN patients, and improve complicated anxiety and depression by additionally needling at Sishencong (EX-HN1), Yintang (EX-HN3), Taichong (LR3), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Taiyang (EX-HN5).</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Therapeutics , Anxiety , Depression , Depressive Disorder , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Amputation-free survival (AFS) has been recommended as the gold standard for evaluating No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia (NO-CLI) therapy. Early-phase clinical trials suggest that autologous bone-marrow derived cells (BMCs) transplantation may have a positive effect on patients with NO-CLI, especially decreasing the incidence of amputation. However, the BMCs therapeutic efficacy remains controversial and whether BMCs therapy is suitable for all CLI patients is unclear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a meta-analysis using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by comparing autologous BMCs therapy with controls in patients with critical limb ischemia, and the primary endpoint is the incidence of amputation. Pubmed, EBSCO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (to approximately July 25, 2012) were searched.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven RCTs with 373 patients were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Because serious disease was the main reason leading to amputation in one trial, six studies with 333 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. Pooling the data of the final six studies, we found that BMCs therapy significantly decreased the incidence of amputation in patients with CLI (odds ratio (OR), 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22 to 0.62; P = 0.0002), and the efficacy had not significantly declined within 6 months after BMCs were transplanted; OR, 0.33; 95%CI, 0.16 to 0.70; P = 0.004 within 6 months and OR, 0.30; 95%CI, 0.11 to 0.79; P = 0.01 within 3 months. The rate of AFS after BMCs therapy was significantly increased in patients with Rutherford class 5 CLI (OR 3.28; 95%CI, 1.12 to 9.65; P = 0.03), while there was no significant improvement in patients with Rutherford class 4 (OR 0.35; 95%CI, 0.05 to 2.33; P = 0.28) compared with controls. The BMCs therapy also improved ulcer healing (OR, 5.83; 95%CI, 2.37 to 14.29; P = 0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our analysis suggests that autologous BMCs therapy has a beneficial effect in decreasing the incidence of amputation and the efficacy does not decrease significantly within 6 months after BMCs transplantation. Patients with Rutherford class 5 are suitable for BMCs therapy, while the efficiency in patients with Rutherford 4 needs further evaluation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Methods , Ischemia , Therapeutics , Lower Extremity , Pathology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Transplantation, Autologous , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between coxsackievirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and observe the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in the development of T1DM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We detected Coxsackievirus RNA by reverse transcription PCR, and measured the change in T-lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry in 22 cases of newly diagnosed T1DM (group I), 30 patients with diabetes for some time (group II), and 30 healthy subjects (group III).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rate of coxsackie virus RNA in groups I, II, and III was 55.55%, 23.33%, and 6.67%, respectively, showing a significant difference among the 3 groups (P<0.01). Patients with upper respiratory tract infection had a higher positivity rate for coxsackie virus RNA than those without upper respiratory tract infection in group I (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio decreased significantly in groups I and II (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 tended to increase in group II in comparison with group I, and there was an significant difference in CD3 and CD4 between the two groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with the control group and CVBRNA-negative group, CVBRNA-positive group showed significantly lowered CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occurrence and development of type 1 diabetes is closely related to coxsackie virus infection, and the changes in T lymphocyte subsets serves as a probable mechanism of its pathogenicity.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , CD4-CD8 Ratio , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Coxsackievirus Infections , Allergy and Immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Virology , Lymphocyte Count , T-Lymphocyte Subsets , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the ability of a polycaprolactone/polylactic acid (PCL/PLA) membrane to inhibit epidural scar adhesion after laminectomy, and observe the responsive changes of the pain media in the spinal cord.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>L(1), L(3) laminectomies were performed on 96 Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: None-implant Control Group (NC), Autologous free fat graft group (AFFG) and PCL/PLA membrane group (PCL/PLAm). The rats were killed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Epidural scar formation and adhesion were observed grossly and histologically. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyses the expression of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in the epidural scar. Immunohistochemistry stain and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the expression of the substance P and the c-fos gene in the relevant spinal cord, and the results were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gross evaluation and histological evaluation showed that in the NC lamina defect site had much scar tissue and had wide and tight adhesions to the dura; in the AFFG, with the fat degrading gradually, the adhesions were increased; whereas in the PCL/PLAm group, there were slightly adhesions to the dura. RT-PCR showed that the expression of the TGF-beta was much less in the PCL/PLAm group than in the NC group. The insertion of the PCL/PLA membrane and the fat patch reduced the expression of the substance P and the c-fos gene in the spinal cord.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The insertion of the PCL/PLA membrane reduces scar formation and separates fibrosis tissue from the dura, the results indicate that PCL/PLA membrane is an effective way of reducing peridural scar formation and preventing the failed back surgery syndrome.</p>